NKT cells are a type of lymphocyte that express both the T cell receptor (TCR) characteristic of adaptive immunity and surface receptors found on NK cells, which are part of the innate immune response. These cells influence various immune responses, including tumor surveillance, maintenance of self-tolerance, and regulation of autoimmune diseases.
NKT cells have been shown to play a protective role in host defense against various microbial pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, parasites, viruses, and cancer cells.
NKT cells appear to be crucial for several aspects of immunity, as dysfunction or defects in their function have been demonstrated to lead to autoimmune diseases such as diabetes, autoimmune inflammatory diseases like atherosclerosis, and the development of cancer. Recently, NKT cells have been found to be closely associated with the progression of human asthma.